Povzetek
V prispevku okvirno predstavljamo teorijo pozitivne osebnostne dezintegracije Kazimierza Dabrowskega, eno od zelo vplivnih teorij osebnostnega razvoja na področju vzgoje in izobraževanja nadarjenih. Podrobneje bomo predstavili enega od temeljev te teorije – konstrukt o obstoju prekomerne vzdražljivosti živčnega sistema na različne dražljaje v okolju ali v osebi sami. V skladu s teorijo pozitivne osebnostne integracije naj bi bila prav prekomerna vzdražljivost v povezavi z visokimi intelektualnimi potenciali, podpornim okoljem ter zavestnim prizadevanjem osebe same pomemben potencial za osebnostni razvoj do najvišje ravni. Tudi sodobne empirične raziskave dokazujejo, da je prekomerna vzdražljivost prisotna pri večini izjemno nadarjenih ljudi (Daniels in Piechowski 2009; Cross 2012; Piirto idr. 2008). Ker menimo, da sta poznavanje in razumevanje tega pojava pomembna za oceno razvojnih ter vzgojno-izobraževalnih potreb posameznika ter za ustvarjanje spodbudnega učnega in delovnega okolja, bomo podrobneje predstavili značilnosti vedenja oseb z eno ali več prekomernih vzdražljivosti ter priporočila za vzgojno-izobraževalno delo in svetovanje, kot jih je na podlagi svoje prakse oblikovala Lindova (Lind 2000; 2001).
Abstract
Overexcitability of the Nervous System and Gifted Students – Understanding, Recognition and
Supportive Counselling
This paper gives a rough presentation of the theory of positive disintegration by Kazimierz Dąbrowski, which is one of the highly influential theories of personality development in the field of gifted education. It will present one of the foundations of this theory – the construct of the existence of overexcitability of the nervous system to various stimuli in the environment or in the persons themselves. In accordance with the theory of positive personality integration, overexcitability, combined with a high intellectual potential, a supportive environment and conscious efforts of the persons themselves, presents an important potential for a personality to develop to the highest level. Contemporary empirical research likewise proves that overexcitability is present in the majority of exceptionally gifted people (Daniels and Piechowski 2009; Cross 2012; Piirto et al. 2008). As it is believed that the knowledge and understanding of this phenomenon is important for assessing the developmental and educational needs of individuals and for creating a stimulating learning and working environment, the paper gives a detailed presentation of the characteristics of the behaviour of people with one or more overexcitabilities, and recommendations for educational work and counselling, as prepared by Lind based on her own practice (Lind 2000; 2001).