Branje v nadaljevanjih ob primeru psička Pafija Polonce Kovač
Izvleček
Cilj raziskave je bil ugotoviti, ali so učenci tretjega razreda osnovne šole razvili sposobnost recepcijske empatije do literarnega lika. Empatija je opredeljena kot vživljanje v čustva in misli nekoga drugega. Z njeno pomočjo lahko drugemu na ustrezen način pomagamo. Vsak se rodi s sposobnostjo empatije – če izvzamemo primere, kjer biološki razvoj to onemogoča – njen nadaljnji razvoj pa je odvisen od odnosa staršev/skrbnikov in okolja. Za raziskavo v članku je pomembna predvsem recepcijska empatija, tj. empatija, ki jo bralec občuti kot posledico branja. V članku je opisana raziskava o razvijanju recepcijske empatije učencev do literarnega lika psička Pafija Polonce Kovač. Raziskava je bila izvedena v tretjem razredu osnovne šole dr. Ivana Korošca Borovnica s pomočjo metode branja v nadaljevanjih. Delo je sestavljeno iz enajstih zgodb, zato je bilo za izvedbo omenjene metode predvidenih enajst šolskih ur. Vsaka je bila namenjena branju ene zgodbe o psičku Pafiju. V članku sta podrobno opisani dve šolski uri. Razvoj recepcijske empatije učencev do literarnega lika je raziskan s pomočjo dveh metod – značajskega traku (gre za izvirno metodo) in vprašalnika, ki so ga učenci reševali pet mesecev po zadnjem srečanju. Rezultati kažejo, da so vsi učenci s pomočjo omenjenih metod razvili sposobnost recepcijske empatije do literarnega lika.
Abstract
Developing Receptive Empathy towards a Literary Character
The aim of the research was to determine whether pupils in the 3rd grade of primary school have developed the ability of receptive empathy towards a literary character. Empathy is defined as the ability to experience another person‘s thoughts and feelings. By means of empathy, we can help another person in an appropriate way. We are all born with the ability of empathy – except in cases where biological development has rendered it impossible – but its further development depends on the attitude of the parents/carers and the environment. The present research mostly focused on receptive empathy, i.e. empathy which the reader feels as a result of reading. The article describes the research into the development of pupils‘ receptive empathy towards the literary character of Pafi the Puppy by Polonca Kovač. The research was conducted in the 3rd grade of the Dr Ivan Korošec Primary School in Borovnica using the method of reading in instalments. The literary work consists of eleven stories; hence, eleven periods were scheduled for implementing the abovementioned method. Each period was dedicated to reading one story about Pafi the Puppy. The article gives a detailed description of two such periods. The development of the pupils‘ receptive empathy towards the literary character was examined using two methods – a character line (an original method) and a questionnaire which the pupils filled in five months after the last session. The results show that by means of the above-mentioned methods all the pupils have developed the ability of receptive empathy towards the literary character.