https://doi.org/10.59132/geo/2021/2/6-14
Povzetek
Triglav, najvišja gora Julijskih Alp, je hkrati najvišji vrh Republike Slovenije. Umeščen je v državni grb in prek grba v državno zastavo in predstavlja najmočnejši nacionalni simbol Slovencev. Razlogi za to umestitev so v preteklih zgodovinskih dejanjih in dogodkih, ki so Triglav tako močno približali Slovencem. Z razvojem in organiziranjem planinstva in alpinizma v drugi polovici 19. stoletja so današnje slovenske gore, predvsem pa Triglavsko pogorje, začele zanimati nemška planinska društva, ki so tam začela graditi koče in urejati poti do njih in na vrhove, saj je šlo tudi za markiranje prostora kot nemškega. V tem vsesplošnem ozračju je pod Triglavom službujoči župnik Jakob Aljaž iz čistih domoljubnih vzgibov leta 1895 za 1 goldinar kupil vrh (špico) Triglava in tam postavil stolp. Dejanje je v javnosti v naslednjih letih vse bolj odmevalo in nakazovalo zmago Slovencev nad Nemci, Triglav pa je postajal vedno močnejši simbol slovenstva. Prvič ga je kot simbol Slovencev upodobil arhitekt Jože Plečnik leta 1934, med okupacijo v drugi svetovni vojni se je Triglav že konec leta 1941 pojavil kot simbol Osvobodilne fronte, leta 1947 pa je Triglav uradno postal državni simbol v novi slovenski ustavi, ko je bil upodobljen v grbu. Tam je prek vseh novih jugoslovanskih in slovenskih ustav ostal do osamosvojitve Slovenije. Leta 1991 je bil glavni sestavni del uvrščen v novi grb Republike Slovenije, prek grba pa v zastavo Republike Slovenije.
Abstract
From a Mountain to a Symbol: Mount Triglav and Its Role among Slovenes
Triglav, the highest mountain in the Julian Alps, is also the Republic of Slovenia’s highest summit. It is featured in the national coat-of-arms and, consequently, in the country’s flag, and is the most prominent Slovene national symbol. This position is rooted in the historical actions and events that brought Triglav so close to Slovenes. With the development and organization of mountaineering and alpinism in the second half of the 19th century, Slovene mountains, and particularly the Triglav mountain chain, caught the interest of German mountaineering societies, which began to build huts and lay out trails to these huts and to the summits, thus marking this space as German. This general atmosphere and purely patriotic motives induced Jakob Aljaž, who worked as a parish priest beneath Triglav, to purchase the summit (peak) of Triglav for 1 florin in 1895 and erect a turret. In the following years the public took increasing notice of his action that hinted at Slovenes’ victory over Germans. Gradually, Triglav was becoming a growing symbol of Sloveneness. The architect Jože Plečnik first depicted it as a symbol of Slovenes in 1934. In late 1941, during the occupation at the time of World War II, Triglav was used as a symbol by the Liberation Front; in 1947 it was used as an official national symbol in the new Slovene Constitution, when it was featured in the coat of arms. It remained part thereof through each Yugoslav and Slovene constitution until Slovenia’s independence. Being the main constituent part of the Republic of Slovenia’s new coat-of-arms, Triglav thus ended up on the Slovene flag in 1991.