https://doi.org/10.59132/viz/2020/6/6-21
Povzetek
Povratna informacija izjemno močno vpliva na učenje in dosežke. Ta vpliv je lahko pozitiven ali negativen. Njena moč je omenjena v mnogih člankih o učenju in poučevanju, vendar pa je sistematičnih novejših študij presenetljivo malo. Ta članek se ukvarja s konceptualno analizo povratne informacije in predstavi dokaze, povezane z vplivom povratne informacije na učenje in dosežke. Ti dokazi potrjujejo, da je kljub veliki moči povratne informacije pomembno, kakšna je in kako je podana. V članku je nakazan model, ki se nanaša na posamezne značilnosti in okoliščine, ki naredijo povratno informacijo učinkovito, in dodanih nekaj dilem, ki se nanašajo na čas podajanja povratne informacije in s tem povezane pozitivne in negativne učinke. Na koncu na podlagi analize predlagamo načine podajanja povratne informacije, ki spodbuja učinkovitost v razredu.
Abstract
The Power of Feedback
Feedback is one of the most powerful influences on learning and achievement, but this impact can be either positive or negative. Its power is frequently mentioned in articles about learning and teaching, but surprisingly few recent studies have systematically investigated its meaning. This article provides a conceptual analysis of feedback and reviews the evidence related to its impact on learning and achievement. This evidence shows that although feedback is among the major influences, the type of feedback and the way it is given can be differentially effective. A model of feedback is then proposed that identifies the particular properties and circumstances that make it effective, and some typically thorny issues are discussed, including the timing of feedback and the effects of positive and negative feedback. Finally, this analysis is used to suggest ways in which feedback can be used to enhance its effectiveness in classrooms.