Povzetek
Prispevek predstavlja izzive prenosa pedagogike montessori iz predšolskega in osnovnošolskega izobraževanja v glasbeno šolstvo, kar je za slovensko področje novost. Snovalka pedagogike montessori, Maria Montessori, je ob opazovanju otrok in njihovega razvoja spoznala pomembna in do tedaj še neznana dejstva o vedenju otrok. Vplivala je na celotno družbeno stanje na prehodu iz 19. v 20. stoletje. V središče učnega procesa je postavila otroka, vzgojitelju pa je dodelila vlogo opazovalca in raziskovalca. Za otroka je pomembno pripravljeno učno okolje, ki vključuje skrbno izdelane materiale. V pedagogiki montessori ima glasba izredno velik pomen, saj je to področje zaznavanja, ki omogoča otrokov celostni razvoj, kar je bistvo tovrstne pedagogike. Možnosti otrokovega naravnega izražanja je Maria Montessori videla zlasti v glasbi v povezavi s petjem, plesom in igranjem na inštrumente (Ipavec, 2005). Z namenom raziskovanja in vključevanja pedagogike montessori v glasbeni pouk, česar do sedaj v slovenskem prostoru še nismo poznali, je od februarja do junija 2017 potekal projekt z naslovom Razvoj montessori materialov za uporabo pri pouku nauka o glasbi v glasbeni šoli. Vključenih je bilo več sodelujočih: Akademija za glasbo, Univerza v Ljubljani, Kreativnost, zasebna glasbena šola Arsem, d. o. o., ter zasebni montessori vrtec Hiša otrok Cinca Binca. Glavna cilja projekta sta bila razviti nove montessori materiale, ki bi jih lahko uporabili pri pouku nauka o glasbi v glasbeni šoli, in z njimi dvigniti motivacijo za glasbeni pouk.
Abstract
Challenges of Learning and Teaching According to the Principles of Montessori Pedagogics at a Music School
This paper presents the challenges of transferring Montessori pedagogics from preschool and primary education to music education, which is an innovation for the area of Slovenia. The creator of Montessori pedagogics, Maria Montessori, learnt important and previously unknown facts about children’s behaviour while observing children and their development. She influenced the overall social circumstances at the turn of the 20th century. She put the child at the centre of the learning process and gave the preschool teacher the role of observer and researcher. A prepared learning environment that includes carefully made materials is important for the child. In Montessori pedagogics music holds exceptional importance, as it is an area of perception that enables a child’s holistic development, which is the essence of said pedagogics. Maria Montessori saw opportunities for a child’s natural expression especially in music, in connection with singing, dancing and playing instruments (Ipavec, 2005). For the purpose of researching and incorporating Montessori pedagogics into Music class, which has never before been done in Slovenia, a project was being carried out from February to June 2017 called “Development of Montessori Materials for Use in Music Theory Lessons at a Music School”. Several participants were involved: Academy of Music, University of Ljubljana, the private music school Kreativnost,