Izvleček
V zadnjih letih prejšnjega stoletja se je po svetu začela širiti ideja inkluzije, torej vključevanja ljudi s posebnimi potrebami v širšo družbo na mnogih področjih. Eden od pogojev za uspešno vključevanje oseb s posebnimi potrebami v okolje je prav gotovo dostopnost informacij, ki naj bi bile razumljive vsem. Za slepe in slabovidne odrasle bralce je v Sloveniji prilagojene kar nekaj literature (prepis v brajico, zvočni zapis), manj pa je je za majhne slepe otroke. Slikanice, v katerih so ilustracije dostopne tipni zaznavi, imenujemo tipne slikanice ali tipanke in le z njimi bodo majhni slepi otroci lahko polnopravno uživali v branju. Knjižnica kot prostor spodbujanja branja ima na tem področju izjemno inkluzivno vlogo. Napore na področju dostopne literature za slepe in slabovidne otroke v naslednjem prispevku predstavljajo kar tri avtorice. V prvem spoznamo načine prilagajanja besedil za otroke s posebnimi potrebami, še posebej za slepe in slabovidne, tipne slikanice (tipanke) in njihov pomen; v drugem sta opisana projekta Praktično manipulativne metode pri razvijanju taktilnega gradiva za slepe in slabovidne v LUM (SLUM) in Dotakni se umetnosti (DUM), oba v shemi Po kreativni poti do praktičnega znanja, ter projekta TAKTUS in TAKTUS II (tip, aktivnost, kreativnost, team, umetnost, slepota) v sklopu sheme Študentski inovativni projekti (ŠIPK). Predstavljena je tudi zbirka tipank Potipaj me (in njeno nadaljevanje), ki je nastala v okviru predmeta Likovno specialno pedagoški projekt. V tretjem prispevku avtorica oriše Službo za mlade bralce in razširjen program Skupine za uporabnike s posebnimi potrebami v Mariborski knjižnici, način obdelave tipnih slikanic, povezavo tipnih slikanic z igračami, ki jih omogoča bogata knjižnična Igroteka, in dogodek Potipaj me, ki nakazuje sodelovanja Mariborske knjižnice na lokalnem in vseslovenskem nivoju ter jo umešča med močne inkluzivne dejavnike.
Abstract
Inclusion also in the Area of Literature for Blind Children
In the last years of the previous century, the idea of inclusion became widespread, i.e. inclusion of people with special needs in various aspects of society. Among the conditions allowing a successful inclusion of people with special needs in the environment is undoubtedly availability of information that everyone can understand. While there is a fair amount of literature in Slovenia adapted for the blind and visually impaired adults (Braille transcription, audio recording), literature for blind children still needs some attention. Picture books with tactile illustrations, called tactile picture books or tactile books, are the only way for small blind children to be fully included in an enjoyable reading experience. In this sense, the library, as the environment that fosters reading, has a powerfully inclusive role. The efforts in the area of available literature for blind and visually impaired children are described in this work by three authors. The first article introduces the ways of adapting the text for children with special needs, particularly for the blind and visually impaired, as well as the genre of tactile books and their importance. The second presents the projects Practical Manipulative Methods in Developing Tactile Material for the Blind and Visually Impaired in Fine Arts (“Praktično manipulativne metode pri razvijanju taktilnega gradiva za slepe in slabovidne v LUM (SLUM)”) and Touching Art (“Dotakni se umetnosti (DUM)”), both within the scheme Taking a Creative Path to Practical Knowledge (“Po kreativni poti do praktičnega znanja”), as well as the projects TAKTUS in TAKTUS II (representing the concepts: type, activity, creativity, team, art, blindness) within the scheme Students’ Innovative Projects (“Študentski inovativni projekti (ŠIPK)”). The article also introduces a tactile book collection called Touch Me (“Potipaj me”), along with its continuation, created within the Special Pedagogy Art Project. The third article outlines the Young Readers Service and the extended programme implemented by the Group for Users with Special Needs at the Maribor library, as well as the approach to tactile books, connection between tactile books and toys from the extensive library toy supply, and the event Touch Me, which reflects the Maribor library collaboration at the local and Slovenian level and its placement among strong inclusive factors.