https://doi.org/10.59132/zvs/2025/1/2-13
Izvleček
V srednjem in novem veku je bila družba razslojena na tri osnovne skupine: na plemstvo, meščanstvo in kmete, ki so živeli od različnih dejavnosti. Prispevek predstavlja omenjene sloje skozi vidik njihove dejavnosti, njihovih bivališč in bivanjske kulture, družine, prehrane in obleke. Domovanja plemstva so bili gradovi, meščanov mesta, kmetov vasi. Omenjeni družbeni sloji so se med seboj razlikovali po standardu bivanja, po družinskem in družabnem, vsakdanjem in intelektualnem okolju in življenju. Njihova prehrana in noša sta odražali njihov družbeni ugled, ki pa ni bil vedno skladen s premoženjskim položajem posameznika, saj so bili bogati meščani pogosto imovitejši od revnih plemičev. Meja med meščanstvom in plemstvom ni bila neprepustna, ampak so bogati meščani v novem veku prehajali med tradicionalno plemstvo.
Abstract
Everyday Life in the European Middle Ages and the Renaissance: Castle, City and Village
In the Middle Ages and the Renaissance, the society was stratified into three main groups: nobility, bourgeoisie and peasantry. Their living depended on various activities. The article presents these classes through the lens of their activities, living conditions and culture, family, nutrition and clothing. The nobility lived in castles, the bourgeoisie in cities and the peasantry in villages. The three social classes differed in their standard of living, as well as their family, social, daily and intellectual environments. Their nutrition and clothing reflected their social status, which, however, was not always in alignment with their financial situation as the rich bourgeoisie was often wealthier than the poor nobility. The line between the bourgeoisie and the nobility was not impermeable – in the Renaissance, the rich bourgeoisie mingled with the traditional nobility.