Izvleček
Matematika pomembno vpliva na posameznikovo uspešnost in zadovoljstvo na šolskem in življenjskem
področju. Številske predstave so ključnega pomena za uspešno obvladovanje matematike. Učenci z lažjimi
motnjami v duševnem razvoju imajo pri razvoju številskih predstav več težav, saj počasneje usvajajo šolska
znanja in potrebujejo za pridobivanje teh predstav bistveno več časa. Kognitivni in motorični razvoj potekata vzporedno in povezovalno, zato lahko sopojavljanje gibalne oviranosti ob prisotni motnji v duševnem razvoju predstavlja dodatno oviro pri razvoju številskih predstav. Strategije štetja in računanja so temelj, na katerem učenci gradijo in rešujejo številske in aritmetične probleme. V raziskavi se je potrdilo, da imajo učenci z gibalno oviranostjo pomanjkljivo razvite številske predstave ter strategije štetja in računanja v primerjavi z učenci brez gibalne oviranosti. Zato posledično potrebujejo bistveno več prilagojenih in specifičnih osebnih izkušenj, strategij in aktivnosti.
Abstract
Counting and Calculation Strategies in Children with Impairment in Movement
Mathematics has an important effect on learners’ performance and satisfaction in school as well as life in
general. The concept of numbers is crucial for successful mastering of mathematics. Students with mild intellectual disabilities have more difficulty in understanding numbers due to their slower assimilation of school material, therefore they need much more time to grasp these concepts. Cognitive and motor development are parallel and connected, which means that impairment in movement with a simultaneous intellectual disability represent an additional obstacle in the understanding of numbers. Counting and calculation strategies are the foundation upon which students build and solve numerical and arithmetic problems. The research confirmed insufficiently developed understanding of numbers and counting and calculation strategies in students with impairment in movement compared to those not impaired in movement. Consequently, their learning process requires substantially more personalized and specific individual experiences, strategies and activities.