Prva svetovna vojna 1914–1918 in Prekmurje

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https://doi.org/10.59132/zvs/2016/1-2/12-20

Povzetek

Novica o prvi svetovni vojni, ki se je začela 28. 7. 1914, je med Prekmurce prispela julija 1914, ko je mobilizacija zajela okoli 2000 vojnih obveznikov. Ti so bili pretežno uvrščeni v 18. in 20. honvendski (domobranski) polk ter v 48. in 83. cesarsko-kraljevi pehotni polk. O novicah z bojišč so prebivalce obveščale Kleklove Novine, ki so predvsem v letih 1914–1915 intenzivno poročale o ranjenih in padlih, po letu 1916 nekoliko manj in so več pozornosti posvečale dogodkom v zaledju. Vojna leta je v svojih spominih opisoval tudi duhovnik Ivan Jerič, ki ga je vojna vihra doletela že junija 1914 v Sarajevu ter nato leta 1915 na soškem bojišču, kjer je ostal vse do konca vojne. V evangeličanski cerkveni občini Puconci je duhovnik Adam Luthar vodil posebno matično knjigo, v kateri je zapisoval podatke o mobiliziranih in padlih. Seznam obsega 487 imen mobiliziranih vojakov, od katerih jih je do leta 1919 padlo 93, 60 pa jih je bilo v tem letu pogrešanih. Novice z bojišč je objavljal tudi list MeV – »Murazsombat es Videke« (Murska Sobota in okolica), ki je več pozornosti posvečal pismom vojakov. O bojih dobrovniških fantov je pričevanja zbral Attila Kovacs, Gordana Šovegeš – Lipovšek pa je preučevala pisma vojaka Janka Zsigmonda, ki se je štiri leta bojeval na vzhodnem bojišču, in njegove žene Matilde. Večina prekmurskih vojakov se je borila na vzhodnem bojišču, kjer je bilo med njimi v letih 1914‒1917 okoli 1600 žrtev. Okoli 100 vojakov je za vedno ostalo na balkanskem bojišču, na soškem bojišču pa naj bi v letih od 1915 do 1918 padlo okoli 200 prekmurskih vojakov. Med prekmurskimi vojaki je bilo odlikovanih 495 vojakov, ki so služili v različnih rodovih avstro-ogrske vojske. V Prekmurju je 11 spominskih obeležij padlim vojakom, v glavnem so to spominske plošče na fasadah cerkva in kapel. Skoraj vsaka prekmurska vas je v vojni izgubila katerega izmed vaščanov, žal je po 100 letih spomin nanje zbledel, tako kot so zbledeli tudi napisi na vaških pokopališčih. Prav je, da se jih spomnimo vsaj ob tej obletnici, saj so bili žrtve nesmiselne vojne, zaradi kasnejših zgodovinskih dogodkov pa po krivem prepuščeni pozabi.

Abstract

World war I 1914–1918 and Prekmurje

News of World War I, which began on 28 July 1914, reached the inhabitants of Prekmurje on 31 July 1914, when approximately 2000 servicemen were mobilised. They were mostly placed in the 18th and 20th Honved (Home Guard) regiment and in the 48th and 83rd imperial – royal infantry regiment. The inhabitants were informed of news from the battlefields by the newspaper Kleklove Novine, which published intensive reports on the wounded and fallen, especially between 1914 and 1915; after 1916 these reports were fewer as more attention was being focused on events in the hinterland. The priest Ivan Jerič also described the war years in his memoirs; he experienced the maelstrom of war in June 1914 in Sarajevo and afterwards in 1915 at the Soča (Isonzo) Front, where he remained until the end of the war. In the Evangelical parish of Puconci, the priest Adam Luthar kept a special register in which he recorded information about the mobilised and the fallen. The list contains 487 names of mobilised soldiers, of which 93 had fallen by 1919, while 60 were missing at the time. News from the battlefields were also published by the gazette MeV – MurazsombatesVideke (Murska Sobota and its surroundings), which devoted more attention to letters from soldiers. Testimonies of the combat of men from Dobrovnik were collected by Attila Kovacs, whereas Gordana Šovegeš-Lipovšek studied the letters from the soldier Janko Zsigmond, who fought on the Eastern Front for four years, and his wife Matilda. The majority of soldiers from Prekmurje fought on the Eastern Front, where around 1600 of them fell between 1914 and 1917. Around 100 soldiers forever remained on the Balkan Front, while around 200 soldiers from Prekmurje allegedly fell on the Soča (Isonzo) Front between 1915 and 1918. Among the soldiers from Prekmurje, 495, who served in various branches of the Austro-Hungarian Army, were decorated. So far 11 memorials to fallen soldiers are known to exist in the region of Prekmurje; these are mainly memorial plaques on the façades of churches and chapels. Almost every village in Prekmurje lost a few of its villagers during the war; sadly, after 100 years the memory of them has faded, as have the inscriptions at village cemeteries. It is only right that we remember them at least on this anniversary, since they were the victims of a pointless war and have wrongfully fell into oblivion due to subsequent historical events.