Povzetek
Fotosinteza v učnih načrtih povsod po svetu zavzema pomemben del naravoslovnih učnih vsebin, saj gre za proces, od katerega so odvisna skoraj vsa živa bitja na Zemlji. Z njim se učenci začnejo ukvarjati že na razredni stopnji, podrobneje v 5. razredu, v katerem je eden izmed standardov znanja tudi ta, da znajo učenci razložiti, kako v rastlinah nastaja hrana. Kljub pomembnosti pa različne slovenske in tuje raziskave kažejo, da se v povezavi s prehranjevanjem rastlin pojavlja mnogo zmotnih predstav tako med učenci kot med učitelji naravoslovnih vsebin. Med drugim so vzroki za to v neustreznem podajanju znanja ter v ponotranjenih predstavah iz vsakdanjega življenja, ki so v velikem nasprotju s strokovnimi predstavami. V prispevku so navedene nekatere dokazane zmotne predstave o fotosintezi, ki se pojavljajo tudi na razredni stopnji med učenci in učitelji, kar lahko pomaga pri boljšem načrtovanju pouka. Glavni namen prispevka je predstaviti primer celostne obravnave fotosinteze od nalog za ugotavljanje predznanja in predstav učencev, preko osrednje interaktivne predstavitve tega procesa ob modelu, do dejavnosti za samostojno raziskovanje ter poglabljanje znanja po predstavitvi.
Abstract
Presenting Photosynthesis on a Model during Science and Technology Lessons in Year 5
In the curricula throughout the world, photosynthesis takes up a significant portion of science contents because it is a process on which almost all living beings on Earth depend. Pupils begin learning about it at the primary level, more specifically in Year 5 when the target knowledge requires that pupils are able to explain how food is created in plants. Despite its importance, various Slovenian and foreign studies have shown that pupils and teachers of science contents have many misconceptions about plant nutrition. Among other things, this is caused by passing on knowledge incorrectly and by the internalized notions from everyday life, which greatly contradict the scientific notions. The article mentions some of the proved misconceptions about photosynthesis that also occur among pupils and teachers at the primary level, which could be used to improve lesson planning. The main purpose of the article is to present an example of discussing photosynthesis, ranging from exercises to determine the pupils’ prior knowledge and notions, through the central interactive presentation of this process on a model, to activities for independent research and for deepening their knowledge after the presentation.