https://doi.org/10.59132/zvs/2023/1/11-18
Izvleček
Prva svetovna vojna je zaradi razsežnosti vojaškega dogajanja in industrializiranega vojskovanja povzročila izjemno veliko število padlih in ranjenih vojakov. Za padlimi vojaki so v mnogih primerih ostale vdove z nepreskrbljenimi otroki, v vojni poškodovane vojake pa je bilo treba kar se da hitro ponovno usposobiti za delovno aktivne državljane. Avstro-Ogrska je od izbruha prve svetovne vojne naprej precejšnjo pozornost posvečala skrbi za vdove in sirote ter organizaciji različnih ustanov in šol, ki bi vojnim invalidom, s hkratnim razvojem protetike, pomagale pri vključevanju v vsakdanje življenje. Pri tem pa je vsesplošno pomanjkanje povzročalo, da je bil gmotni položaj vojnih oškodovancev ob skromni državni pomoči precej odvisen od dobrodelnosti sodržavljanov. Različna podporna društva in organizacije so zaradi tega zbirala/-e denarna sredstva in tako lajšala/-e stisko najranljivejših družbenih slojev. S koncem prve svetovne vojne in razpadom habsburške monarhije pa je breme oskrbe slovenskih vojnih oškodovancev padlo na Kraljevino Srbov, Hrvatov in Slovencev. Enako kot njena predhodnica je tudi jugoslovanska državna tvorba skušala organizirati državno pomoč, pri tem pa z ločevanjem vojnih oškodovancev na »srbske in črnogorske« na eni ter nekdanje »habsburške« na drugi strani dodatno otežila položaj slovenskih vojnih oškodovancev. Podobno kot v času vojne so različna društva in organizacije postala/-e pomembni člen organiziranja pomoči vojnim oškodovancev ter hkrati bila/-e tudi njihov glas pri debatah okrog sprejemanja novih jugoslovanskih zakonov.
Abstract
World War I and “Its” Widows, Orphans and the War-Disabled
Due to extensive military operations and industrialized warfare, World War I resulted in an extremely large number of fallen and wounded soldiers. In many cases, the fallen soldiers left behind widows with dependent children, while the injured soldiers had to be rehabilitated as working citizens as quickly as possible. After the outbreak of World War I, Austria-Hungary devoted a great deal of attention to caring for widows and orphans, and to organizing various institutions and schools that would help the war disabled rejoin everyday life, with the simultaneous development of prosthetics. However, due to the widespread shortage, war victims received modest state aid and were therefore dependent on the charity of their fellow citizens. That was why various benefit societies and organizations held fundraisers to alleviate the hardship of the most vulnerable social classes. With the end of World War I and the dissolution of the Habsburg Monarchy, the burden of caring for Slovenian war victims fell to the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes. Just as its predecessor, the Yugoslav state attempted to organize state aid, but made the situation of Slovenian war victims even more difficult by separating the war victims into “Serbian and Montenegrin” on the one hand and former “Habsburg” on the other. As during wartime, various societies and organizations once again became a vital element in organizing aid for war victimsand also spoke on their behalf in debates surrounding the adoption of new Yugoslav acts.