https://doi.org/10.59132/zvs/2025/1/14-21
Izvleček
Med začetkom 15. stoletja ter koncem 16. stoletja je večina ozemlja današnje Slovenije trpela pod napadi vojske osmanskih Turkov. Slednji so leta 1529 ter 1532 (kasneje tudi 1683) skušali osvojiti Dunaj, pri vdorih na današnje slovensko ozemlje pa je šlo v prvi vrsti za ropanje in jemanje sužnjev. V naše kraje so prvič prodrli leta 1408, po letu 1532 pa so njihovi napadi v veliki meri ponehali (v Prekmurju šele leta 1684). Tedanja Osmanska država je bila sredi 16. stoletja na višku svoje moči in se je razprostirala od današnje južne Ukrajine pa do Meke in Medine ter od današnje osrednje Madžarske pa do Mosula in Bagdada. Večini današnje Slovenije in Avstrije je v istem času (poleg drugih dežel) gospodovala dinastija Habsburžanov. Iz Gradca je ena izmed vej te dinastije (v letih 1564–1619) vladala t. i. Notranji Avstriji, pri čemer je šlo za unijo vojvodin Štajerske, Koroške in Kranjske ter poknežene grofije Goriške. Notranja Avstrija je poleg tega vključevala še Trst, enklave v Furlaniji, Pazinsko grofijo in Reko. Tamkajšnje oblasti so z namenom obrambe proti osmanskim napadom utrjevale mesta, urejevale signalno organizacijo ter postavljale tabore (še največ okoli cerkva). Slednjih je na slovenskem etničnem ozemlju nastalo kakih 350.
Abstract
Ottoman Attacks on the Territory of Present-Day Slovenia
Between the beginning of the 15th century and the end of the 16th century, most of the territory of present-day Slovenia suffered under the attacks of the Ottoman Turks. While the Ottomans attempted to conquer Vienna in 1529 and 1532 (also later in 1683), their incursions into what is now Slovenia were primarily about plunder and the taking of slaves. They first penetrated into our lands in 1408, but after 1532 their attacks largely ceased (in Prekmurje as late as 1684). In the mid-16th century, the Ottoman empire was at the height of its power, stretching from present-day southern Ukraine to Mecca and Medina, and from present-day central Hungary to Mosul and Baghdad. Most of what is now Slovenia and Austria (among other lands) was at the same time ruled by the Habsburg dynasty. From Graz, one branch of this dynasty ruled (1564-1619) the so-called Inner Austria, a union of the duchies of Styria, Carinthia and Carniola and also the princely county of Gorizia. Inner Austria also included Trieste, enclaves in Friuli the county of Pazin and Rijeka. To defend against Ottoman attacks, the local authorities fortified towns, organized the signaling system and set up ramparts (mostly around churches), of which some 350 were established in the ethnic Slovenian territory.