Povzetek
Motnje hranjenja so takoj za depresijo in različnimi zasvojenostmi postale tretja najpogostejša kronična bolezen mladih deklet, pojavljajo pa se tudi pri mladih fantih. Članek skuša prikazati razsežnost motenj hranjenja v sodobnem času, s poudarkom na otrocih in mladih. Zaskrbljujoče je, da se motnje hranjenja selijo v vse nižje starostne skupine osnovnošolskega obdobja. Izhajala bom iz izkušenj ob delu z mladimi v zadnjih dvajsetih letih. V članku bomo opredelili razliko med terminoma motnje prehranjevanja in motnje hranjenja, saj se še vedno pogosto zamenjujeta. Po opisu prvih znakov motenj hranjenja bomo osvetlili novo sliko motenj hranjenja in prehranjevanja. Na podlagi novega Diagnostičnega in statističnega priročnika za duševne motnje DSM V (2013) so poleg anoreksije in bulimije nervoze postale končno opredeljene z diagnostičnimi merili tudi druge vrste motenj, kot so kompulzivno prenajedanje ter tri motnje, ki običajno vzniknejo v otroštvu. Pod kategorijo drugih oblik pa so opisane še atipične oblike, očiščevalna motnja, nočno hranjenje, sem spadata tudi dve novi, vedno bolj pogosti obliki za sodobni čas, bigoreksija in ortoreksija. Sklenili bomo s poglavjem o pomenu zgodnjega odkrivanja in zdravljenja pri mladih.
Abstract
When Food Stops Being “Food” – How to Prevent and Treat Eating Disorders in Children and Adolescents
Eating disorders have become the third most common chronic disease of young girls, preceded only by depression and various addictions; they also manifest in young boys. This article tries to show the magnitude of eating disorders in present times, focusing on children and young people. It is alarming that eating disorders are spreading to increasingly lower age groups in the primary school period. This article is based on my experiences of working with young people over the past twenty years. It will explain the difference between the terms ‘feeding disorders’ and ‘eating disorders’, because the two are still often confused. Following a description of the first symptoms of eating disorders it will shed new light on eating and feeding disorders. Based on the new Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders DSM-5 (2013), disorders other than anorexia and bulimia nervosa have finally been defined using diagnostic criteria, e.g. compulsive overeating and three disorders that usually emerge in childhood. Atypical forms are described under the category of other types, such as the purging disorder and night eating syndrome; it also includes two new types, which are becoming more and more common today, namely bigorexia and orthorexia. It concludes with a chapter on the importance of early detection and treatment in young people.