https://doi.org/10.59132/geo/2022/2/24-30
Povzetek
Voda je obnovljiv vir in je za življenje izrednega pomena. Vodni viri pokrivajo 71 odstotkov Zemljinega površja, vendar niso enakomerno razporejeni, zato kljub velikanskim zalogam vode nekateri deli sveta trpijo njeno pomanjkanje. 97 odstotkov vse vode na Zemlji je v obliki oceanov in morij, več kot 2 odstotka v obliki snega in ledenikov, le okoli 0,62 odstotka pa je skupnih vodnih zalog (sladke vode), ki so neposredno uporabne za človeka ter večino njegovih dejavnosti, predvsem industrijo in energetiko. Industrijske naprave prispevajo znaten delež emisij h ključnim onesnaževalom zraka ter imajo tudi druge pomembne okoljske vplive, kot so emisije v vode in tla, nastajanje odpadkov in raba energije. Pregled svetovne literature s področja onesnaževanja voda kaže razsežnost vpliva na ekosisteme, v tem članku smo se omejili zgolj na prikaz stanja in različnih vrst onesnaževanj, vključno z mikroplastiko, ki je za delovanje ekosistemov velika ovira.
Abstract
Industrial Water Pollution and Impact on Ecosystems
Water is a renewable energy source and essential for life on Earth. Despite covering around 71% of Earth‘s landscape, it is not evenly distributed. Consequently, certain areas suffer from water shortages, while others have enormous water supplies. 97% of all water sources are in the form of oceans and seas, more than 2% are in the form of snow and glaciers, and only around 0.62% of total freshwater is available for human usage and activities, such as industry and energy sectors. Industrial facilities contribute a substantial amount of air emissions and have an additional effect on the environment in the form of water pollution, soil pollution, waste production and energy consumption. A review of global literature from the field of water pollution presents the vast extent of industrial pollution and its impact on ecosystems. The current article is limited to the state and various types of pollution, including the effects of microplastic on ecosystem functioning.