https://doi.org/10.59132/zvs/2017/1/3-16
Izvleček
Prispevek se bo osredotočil na obsežno družbeno in gospodarsko krizo v začetku 19. stoletja, ki je bila posledica tako družbenih kot okoljskih dejavnikov, saj jo je med letoma 1815 in 1817 zaostril izbruh vulkana Tambora v Indoneziji aprila 1815. Vzroke za obsežno družbeno in gospodarsko krizo po koncu napoleonskih vojn leta 1815 so v starejšem slovenskem in evropskem zgodovinopisju pripisovali posledicam teh vojn, a je treba vzroke zanjo iskati v veliko bolj kompleksnih okoliščinah. K širjenju horizonta so vplivale raziskave vulkanologov in nato interdisciplinarne raziskave, ki so iskale tudi zgodovinsko gradivo s podatki in pričevanji o izbruhu vulkana. Prispevek bo tudi na podlagi novoodkritih zgodovinskih virov prikazal številne elemente krize med letoma 1815 in 1817. Kriza pa je na drugi strani spodbudila razmah določenih ekonomskih in družbenih praks, od hranilnic, v katerih je bil denar varčevalca prvič zavarovan, do razmaha nekaterih vej znanosti. Družba je bila tudi bolj dovzetna za dolgoročnejše spremembe socialnih institucij in uveljavljanje javnih kuhinj, kjer so kuhali inovativno, varčno in nasitno enolončnico – ričet, ter za umetnostna dela, kot je bil Frankenstein, ali tehniške izume, med katerimi je bila tudi drezina.
Abstract
Economic and Social Crisis Brought on by the Eruption of the Tambora Volcano in Indonesia in April 1815
This paper will focus on the far-reaching social and economic crisis in the early 19th century, which was the result of social and environmental factors, as it was made worse between 1815 and 1817 by the eruption of the Tambora volcano in April 1815. In older Slovenian and European historiography, the causes for this far-reaching social and economic crisis after the end of the Napoleonic Wars in 1815 were attributed to the aftermath of the Napoleonic Wars; however, the causes for the crisis must be sought in much more complex circumstances. Our horizons were broadened by the research conducted by volcanologists and afterwards by interdisciplinary research, which also searched for historical material that contained information and testimonies about the volcanic eruption. Based on newly-discovered historical sources, this paper will present many elements of the crisis between 1815 and 1817. This crisis triggered a boom in certain economic and social practices, ranging from savings banks, where a saver’s money was insured for the first time; a boom in certain sciences; society was more susceptible to long-term changes to social institutions and to the establishment of soup kitchens, where an innovative, economical and filling stew was prepared – ričet; to cultural achievements, such as Frankenstein or the invention of the trolley.