DOI: https://doi.org/10.59132/svs/2026/1/3-10
Izvleček
Druga polovica 19. stoletja je v Avstro-Ogrski čas pomembnih družbenih sprememb, ki jih je začela marčna revolucija (1848) in nato nadaljeval padec Bachovega absolutizma (1859) ter sprejetje nove ustave (1867). Novi zakoni so slovenskemu jeziku omogočili vstop na vsa področja javne rabe, toda do dejanske enakopravnosti v mnogonarodni in mnogojezični državi je bila še dolga pot. Nove možnosti za rabo slovenščine v javnosti so aktualizirale tudi vprašanje slovenskega govorjenega jezika. V polemiki med Francem Cegnarjem (1861) in Luko Svetcem (1862) je zmagalo Cegnarjevo stališče: »Vsaka črka naj se vselej izreka tako, kakor se piše, tedaj tudi črka l.« Izgovor črke l kot zobnovenčnega jezičnika l brez premene v dvoustnični ṷ v predsoglasniškem položaju in na koncu besede, torej elkanje, je v svojem jezikoslovnem delu leta obsojal Stanislav Škrabec (1870, 1880–1918), sledili so mu Maks Pleteršnik (Slovensko‐nemški slovar, 1894/95), Fran Levec (Slovenski pravopis, 1899) in predstavniki kulturne javnosti (Božo Vodušek, Oton Župančič), nasprotovali pa so mu somišljeniki ilirskega gibanja (Fran Ilešič).
Abstract
On Elkanje: Open Orthoepic Question of Late 19th and Early 20th Centuries
The second half of the 19th century witnessed significant social changes in Austria-Hungary, initiated by the March Revolution (1848), followed by the fall of Bach’s absolutism (1859), and the adoption of a new constitution (1867). The new laws allowed the Slovenian language to enter all areas of public use. However, true equality in a multi-ethnic and multilingual state was still a long way off. The opportunities for using Slovenian in public highlighted the issue of its spoken form. In a debate between Franc Cegnar (1861) and Luka Svetec (1862), Cegnar’s position prevailed: »Every letter should always be pronounced as it is written, including the letter l.« The pronunciation of the letter l as a dental fricative l without changing to the bilabial ṷ in pre-consonantal position and at the end of a word — or elkanje — was condemned in his linguistic work by Stanislav Škrabec (1870, 1880–1918), followed by Maks Pleteršnik (Slovenian-German Dictionary, 1894/95), Fran Levec (Slovene Orthography, 1899), and representatives of the cultural public (Božo Vodušek, Oton Župančič), while he was opposed by sympathisers of the Illyrian movement, including Fran Ilešič.