https://doi.org/10.59132/zvs/2025/2/71-80
Izvleček
Množično dostopno in državno vodeno osnovno šolstvo je eden od temeljnih gradnikov procesov modernizacije. V Srednji Evropi se je začelo postopoma vzpostavljati ob koncu 18. stoletja. Pri oblikovanju mreže osnovnih šol in širjenju pismenosti so se vse bolj centralizirane države oprle na razsvetljenske ideje in cerkvene organizacije. Soodvisnost omenjenih dejavnikov je dolgoročno pripomogla k nastanku meščansko-industrijske družbe, temelječe na hotenju vzgojiti marljivega in državi predanega posameznika. Zaradi pomena za slovensko zgodovino se prispevek posveča predvsem razmeram v avstrijskem delu habsburškega cesarstva in šolskemu zakoniku, ki ga je leta 1774 razglasila Marija Terezija. Primerjava s sorodnim dogajanjem v Prusiji kaže, da je bila ključna vloga reform na področju šolstva povečati vojaško in gospodarsko moč države.
Abstract
The Beginnings of Masselementary Education in Central European Lands at the End of the Eighteenth Century
Mass-accessible and state-led elementary education is one of the fundamental pillars of modernization processes. In Central Europe, it began to gradually establish itself at the end of the eighteenth century. In forming the network of elementary schools and expanding literacy, increasingly centralized states relied on Enlightenment ideas and ecclesiastical organizations. The interdependence of these factors contributed in the long term to the emergence of a bourgeois-industrial society, based on the aspiration for a diligent and state-devoted individual. Due to its significance for Slovenian history, the article primarily focuses on the conditions in the Austrian part of the Habsburg Empire and the school law proclaimed by Maria Theresa in 1774. A comparison with similar developments in Prussia shows that the key role of educational reforms was to increase the military and economic power of the state.